Kelley+D

=  Einstein's Theory of Relativity    Albert Einstein, a German physicist introduced his theory of special relativity in 1905, followed by the general theory of relativity in 1915.It is a theory that is considered to be the the basis of modern physics and much of what we know today is based upon Einsteins discovery. The theory of relativity is composed of two theories: Special relativity and General theory of relativity("General Relativity").                1.__The Theory of special-__ relativity is based upon objects in straight-line constant velocity motion.    <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;"> 2.__The general theory-__ describes the effects of accelerated motion of gravitational field on time, size, and mass ("General Relativity.)  <span style="display: block; color: #6515d5; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">//Through experimentation by scientists, Einstein's theory of relativity is still the best known theory that supports and explains relativity and its status has not changed since it were introduced.//   Experiments to prove Einstein's theory   <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">    <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">  1. __Binary Pulsar experiment__  <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">  <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">    Joseph Taylor and Russell Husle won the Nobel prize in 1993 after the discovery of the binary pulsar, a rapidly rotating neutron star. Because the stars are very dense, they have fairly large gravitational fields and served as a way to experiment the theory of relativity. From the test Taylor and Husle saw that indeed,the speed of the pulsar did parallel the predictions made by Einstein theory. As a result of this experiment, it shows that the pridictions that Einstein made about General relativity is in fact correct ("General Relativity"). <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">        <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">        <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">     2. __The Michelson-Morley Experiment__     <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">            The Michelson-Morley experiment also helped prove the special theory of relativity.The experiment was conducted in hopes of showing faults in Galilaio's theory of relativity. By the exploration of Aether wind, Michelson-Morley developed a theory about the speed of light. He concluded that if sound was related to air, then light was related to Aether.During the experiment he figured that the difference between the speed of light upwind and downwind should be twice the windspeed. This means that both up and down speeds should be the same. Through his experiment he found that a ray of light motion is exactly the same between observer (160,000 km/sec). According Einstein's laws this the experiment conducted by the two physicsists is valid. Einstein's laws help solve the puzzle that Michelson and Morley started just years before the experiment. This shows that in both past and present Einstein's laws of relativity are valid ("The Michelson-Morley Experiment"). <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">       <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">        <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">    3. NASA's Lunar Laser Experiment    <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">     Reasearch conducted by NASA, in recent years also supports Einstein's theory. The Lunar Laser experiment shows that the Earth and moon "fall forward" at the same rate as the sun.The experiment is conducted by placing four moon reflectors in two locations, one in Texas and another in France.The data collected showing the full length of the time it takes in order for one beam to reach another, is what proved Einsteins theory. Although each of the objects have different masses, the motion of the object is relative, as is outlined in Einsteins general law of relativity("NASA- Relativity).     <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">           <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">          <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">                <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">     <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center;">             <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">            <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">               <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;">              <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="display: block; color: #c200ff; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #7900ff; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center;">           <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center;">        <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center;">        <span style="display: block; color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center;">           = <span style="color: #740eaa; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> **Einstein's theory of special relativity and general realtivity thave been heavily scrutinized over the past century. Whether it is from past experiments conducted in previous years or discoveries made within the last couple years, Einstein's laws are valid and it's status hasn't changed ( "General Relativity"). Although many scientists claim to discover ground-breaking evidence that would disprove the theory, none can fully be proven. Einstein's theory of relativity best explains motion in relation to the speed of light both on Earth and space.** **<span style="font-size: 21pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Works Cited **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">"Albert Einstein Photographs." __Physics__. 27 Jan. 2009 <http://http://physics.about.com/od/alberteinstein/ig/Albert-Einstein-photos/Albert-Einstein-headshot.htm>. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Website contained Albert Einstein's photograph with a brief overview of his accomplishments. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">"Binary pulsar." __The Worlds of David Darling__. 27 Jan. 2009 <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/binarypulsar.html>. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> Website contained the picture of the Binary Pulsar, with general information about it's discovery by Taylor and Husle. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> "General Relativity." __Science Encyclopaedia__. 27 Jan. 2009 <<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">http://science.jrank.org/pages/5790/Relativity-General.html >. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> Website contained information about two laws of relativity with in Einsteins Theory of Relativity. A brief section explained what knowledge has been aquired since the discovery and the impact it made on society. The website also outlines the Binary Pulsar Experiment conducted by Taylor and Husle. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> "Interpretation of the Michelson-Morley Experiment." __BioChem__. 27 Jan. 2009 < http://www.biochem.szote.u-szeged.hu/astrojan/aether.htm  >. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> Website contained picture used for the Michelson-Morley Experiment and information about the Experiment itslef. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> "NASA - Apollo 11 Science Experiment Still Running." __NASA - Home__. 27 Jan. 2009 <http://www.nasa.gov/vision/space/features/21jul_llr.html>. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> Website contained information about the Apollo 11 Science Experiment sponsered by the NASA program. It also includes pictures of the Lunar Laser located in Texas, which is apart of another experiment sponsered by the NASA program. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> "NASA - Relativity." __NASA - Home__. 27 Jan. 2009 <http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/relativity_worldbook.html>. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> Website outlines NASA's Lunar Laser experiment and how it's data has helped to verify Einstein's laws. There are also very helpful quotes that support the program and it's relation to the Theory of Relativity. Website also gives overview of the program and its importance. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> "The Michelson-Morley Experiment." __Galileo and Einstein Home Page__. 27 Jan. 2009 <http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/lectures/michelson.html>. Website briefly describes accomplishments by the Michelson and Morley. It describes several experiments, including the Aether wind experiment to relate to relativity. Website gives detailed diagrams and outlines of each experiment and show how it is related to Einstein's theory.

---Kelley Davis